Democracia y bienestar en México: las transiciones bifurcadas

Abstract

THE ECONOMY AND THE MEXICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM EXPERIENCED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS. ON THE ONE HAND, MEXICO WAS ABLE TO DISMANTLE THE AUTHORITARIAN REGIME OF HEGEMONIC PARTY AND REPLACED BY A GENUINE PARTY SYSTEM. ON THE SIDE OF THE ECONOMY, THE COUNTRY LEFT BEHIND THE MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED INTERNAL MARKET WITH AN IMPORTANT PARTICIPATION OF THE STATE, AND CONSOLIDATED A MODEL OF FREE-TRADE AND LIBERALISATION. ALTHOUGH OVERLAPPING IN TIME, THE PROCESSES OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGE HAVE NOT BEEN FEEDBACK. POLITICAL DEMOCRATISATION TOOK PLACE IN A PERIOD WHEN THE ECONOMY HAD A VERY LOW GROWTH RATE AND WHICH IMPAIRS THE ABILITY TO GENERATE QUALITY JOBS. WHILE THE POLITICAL DISPUTE BY THE POWER WAS FORMALIZED, MOST OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF POPULATION WENT TO THE INFORMAL SECTOR. THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM IS FACING THE CHALLENGE OF NOT HAVING EXPANDED WELFARE. THE CREATION OF PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT IS A SUBJECT OF ATTENTION FROM THE ECONOMY, BUT ALSO AN ITEM FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEM IN MEXICO.